"Harlem churches see gospel tourist boom on Sundays," 9 March 2012, by Meghan Barr, Associated Press--NEW YORK (AP) — The stern warning issued from the pulpit was directed at the tourists — most of whom had arrived late — a sea of white faces with guidebooks in hand. They outnumbered the congregation itself: a handful of elderly black men and women wearing suits and dresses and old-fashioned pillbox hats.
"We're hoping that you will remain in place during the preaching of the Gospel," a church member said over the microphone at this Harlem church on a recent Sunday morning. "But if you have to go, go now. Go before the preacher stands to preach."
No one left then. But halfway through the sermon, a group of French girls made their way toward the velvet ropes that blocked the exit. An usher shook his head firmly, but they ignored him and walked out.
The clash between tourists and congregants plays out every Sunday at Mother African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the oldest black church in New York state. It's one of many Harlem churches that have become tourist attractions for visitors from all over the world who want to listen to soulful gospel music at a black church service. With a record number of tourists descending upon New York City last year, the crowds of foreigners are becoming a source of irritation among faithful churchgoers.
To preserve the sanctity of the service, pastors struggle to enforce strict rules of conduct. But the reality is that these visitors are often filling church pews that would otherwise remain empty — and filling the collection basket with precious dollar bills.
"Our building is in need of repair," church member Paul Henderson said after the service. "We need assistance. They're helping to sustain us."
The rules are simple enough: No photography, no flip-flops, no exiting during the sermon. They are printed on pamphlets and multilingual signs and announced at the start of every service. But they are often ignored. Ushers roamed the pews like security guards, stopping more than one person from filming on digital cameras.
"I understand that you're visiting and you want to have a memory of it," said Carlos Smith-Ramsay, who joined the church several years ago. "But when we ask you to stop and you continue to do so after the fact, that's disrespectful."
Some pastors quietly manage the crowds by requiring a written confirmation of guests from tour operators, refusing walk-in visitors. Some churches provide assigned seating for tourists, while others demand a list specifying which countries the tourists are from and whether they speak English.
And still more forbid the tour companies from advertising which churches are on the tour in hopes of curbing the number of unwanted visitors.
Tourists, mostly from Europe, outnumber congregants during a worship service Feb. 26 at the Mother AME Zion Church in New York. / Seth Wenig / Associated Press
The Rev. Gregory Robeson Smith, Mother AME Zion's pastor, refuses to work with tour operators. He doesn't even like to use the word "tourist," preferring instead to call them part of his "international congregation." And he won't turn anyone away.
"I refuse to commercialize the church worship experience," he said. "You don't pay people to experience the Lord, to come and pray. I think that's unconscionable."
Yet the tourists' presence is undeniable. At Mother AME Zion, there were nearly 200 of them, overwhelming the congregation by at least 5 to 1.
"They want to see what they've seen on television," said Larcelia Kebe, president of Harlem Your Way! Tours Unlimited. "They want to see what they've seen in the movies."
The gospel tour industry has exploded since it was born in the early 1980s. On a busy summer Sunday, Harlem Spirituals, one of the oldest and largest tour operators, might run 15 full buses, said Erika Elisabeth, a company vice president.
Ticket prices but can cost up to $55. Most churches get a cut of the profit. Others, like Mother AME Zion, make money by encouraging visitors to drop a suggested donation into the collection basket.
"Some of the tour operators really have made this whole thing about money," Kebe said. "It's created a problem. Because many of them are getting a lot of money from the tourists in order to get into a church. And there may be people in the church who are making a little money on the side."
During his sermon, Smith appealed to the congregation to help pay for repairs to the church's aging organ.
Tourists, top, outnumber congregants at the Mother AME Zion Church in New York. The New York City's Harlem churches have become popular tourist attractions for visitors from all over the world. / Seth Wenig / Associated Press
Hoping not to offend his gospel fans, Cooke released his pop debut, "Lovable" (1956), as Dale Cooke, but Specialty Records dropped him for deserting the Soul Stirrers. He released his own "You Send Me" the following year, and the 1.7-million-selling Number One song was the first of many hits. In the next two years his several hits — "Only Sixteen" (Number 28, 1959), "Everybody Likes to Cha Cha" (Number 31, 1959) — concentrated on light ballads and novelty items. He signed to RCA in 1960 and began writing bluesier, gospel-inflected tunes.
The nature of Cooke's death on December 11, 1964, tarnished his image. Bertha Franklin, the manager of the Hacienda motel in L.A., claimed she shot and killed the singer in self-defense after he'd tried to rape a 22-year-old woman and then turned on Franklin. The coroner ruled it a justifiable homicide. There still remain questions about the circumstances surrounding Cooke's demise.
